In the preceding exercise, it is natural to ask “How do we get the information that the given hand has an ace?” Gridgeman considers two different ways that we might get this information. (Again, assume the deck consists of eight cards.)

• Assume that the person holding the hand is asked to “Name an ace in your hand” and answers “The ace of hearts.” What is the probability that he has a second ace?
• Suppose the person holding the hand is asked the more direct question “Do you have the ace of hearts?” and the answer is yes. What is the probability that he has a second ace?